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About tools
Minggu
ke-7
17-april-2018
Oven
An oven is a thermally insulated
chamber used for the heating, baking, or drying of a substance and most commonly
used for cooking. Kilns and furnaces are special-purpose ovens, used in pottery and metalworking, respectively.
In cooking, the conventional oven is a kitchen appliance used
for roasting and heating.
Foods normally cooked in this manner include meat, casseroles and baked
goods such as bread, cake and other desserts. In modern times,
the oven is used to cook and heat food in many households across the globe.
Modern ovens are typically fueled by either natural gas or electricity, with bottle gas models
available but not common. When an oven is contained in a complete stove, the
fuel used for the oven may be the same as or different from the fuel used for
the burners on top of the stove.
Some ovens provide various
aids to cleaning. Continuous cleaning ovens have the oven chamber coated with a catalytic surface that
helps break down (oxidize) food splatters and spills over time. Self-cleaning ovens use pyrolytic decomposition (extreme
heat) to oxidize dirt. Steam ovens may provide a wet-soak cycle to loosen dirt,
allowing easier manual removal. In the absence of any special methods, chemical oven cleaners are sometimes used or just scrubbing.
Sink
The washstand was a bathroom
sink made in the United States in the late 18th century.[1] The washstands were small tables on which were
placed a pitcher and a deep bowl, following the English tradition. Sometimes
the table had a hole where the large bowl rested, which led to the making of
dry sinks. From about 1820 to 1900 the dry sink evolved by the addition of a
wooden cabinet with a trough built on the top, lined with zinc or lead. This is
where the bowls or buckets for water were kept. Splashboards were sometimes
added to the back wall, as well as shelves and drawers, the more elaborate
designs usually placed in the kitchen.
A sink — also
known by other names including sinker, washbowl, hand basin and wash basin—is a
bowl-shaped plumbing fixture used
for washing hands, dishwashing, and other
purposes. Sinks have taps (faucets) that
supply hot and cold water and may include a spray feature to be used for faster
rinsing. They also include a drain to remove used water; this drain may itself
include a strainer and/or shut-off device and an overflow-prevention device.
Sinks may also have an integrated soapdispenser. Many sinks,
especially in kitchens, are installed
adjacent to or inside a counter.
Microwave
A microwave oven (also commonly referred to as a microwave) is an electric oven that heats and cooks
food by exposing it to electromagnetic radiation in
the microwavefrequency range. This
induces polar moleculesin the food to
rotate and produce thermal energy in a process
known as dielectric heating. Microwave
ovens heat foods quickly and efficiently because excitation is fairly uniform
in the outer 25–38 mm (1–1.5 inches) of a homogeneous, high water content
food item; food is more evenly heated throughout than generally occurs in other
cooking techniques.
Microwave ovens are a common kitchen appliance and
are popular for reheating previously cooked foods and cooking a variety of
foods. They are also useful for rapid heating of otherwise slowly prepared
foodstuffs, which can easily burn or turn lumpy when cooked in conventional
pans, such as hot butter, fats, chocolate or porridge. Unlike
conventional ovens, microwave ovens usually do not directly brown or caramelize
food, since they rarely attain the necessary temperatures to produce Maillard reactions.
Exceptions occur in rare cases where the oven is used to heat frying-oil and
other very oily items (such as bacon), which attain far higher temperatures
than that of boiling water.
Microwave ovens have a limited role in
professional cooking, because the boiling-range temperatures of a microwave
will not produce the flavorful chemical reactions that frying, browning, or
baking at a higher temperature will. However, additional heat sources can be added to microwave ovens.
